Google Scholar Content Clustered Together

Google Scholar indexes content from many sources, and will frequently index multiple versions of the same article.  To prevent duplicate entries, the Google Scholar algorithm automatically clusters together articles from different sources that have similar metadata (title, authors, publication year, etc.).  To see all versions of a given article, simply click the “All X Versions” link at the bottom right of each search result.

Occasionally, an article may be incorrectly indexed as a “version” of a separate article.  This typically happens when the articles have similar metadata.  In these cases, the Google Scholar algorithm is unable to tell that they are two distinct articles rather than two versions of the same article.  Other times, articles are clustered together simply due to an error with the Google Scholar algorithm.  If this is the case, please notify indexing@springernature.com.